History of Froissage
Froissage was pioneered by Czech artist Ladislav Novák in the 1960s within the Surrealist movement. Under the restrictive Communist regime in Czechoslovakia, experimental art like this was often subversive. Novák developed froissage by crumpling faded prints or unwanted paper, unfolding them, and interpreting the creases with ink or paint to form surreal images.
The technique evolved from Surrealist ideas of automatism, where chance plays a key role. Novák's work transformed the commonplace and rejected materials into art, aligning with themes of alchemy and transformation.
By the 1970s, froissage spread to other artists, influencing collage and abstract art scenes in Europe.
Key Artists in Froissage
Ladislav Novák (1925-1999)
The inventor of froissage, Novák was a Czech poet and visual artist. He combined froissage with 'alchemage,' chemically treating reproductions. His works often featured dream-like figures emerging from creases.
Jiří Kolář (1914-2002)
A master collagist, Kolář incorporated froissage into his works, crumpling and collaging elements for abstract compositions. He emigrated to France, gaining international recognition.
Other Influential Artists
- André-Pierre Arnal: Applied froissage to canvases in the Supports/Surfaces group.
- Simon Hantaï: Used similar pliage (folding) techniques in abstract paintings.
Evolution and Influence
Today, froissage inspires digital artists simulating crumple effects and educators teaching creativity through randomness. It remains a symbol of artistic freedom against oppression.